The Door Window Lifting Mechanism Engineering Essay

The Door Window Lifting Mechanism Engineering Essay Mechatronics is at the heart of this boom in vehicle design and functionality. Mechatronics engineering unites the principles of mechanical, electrical, electronics and computing to generate a simpler, more economical, efficient and reliable system. Applications of Mechatronics in designing products and processes is driving advances in automobiles the actual cars and components, as well as the equipment needed to build, diagnose and service them. Nowadays the mechatronic systems are reliable, accurate and have a very high efficiency especially in automobiles with Electronic engine controls, Anti-lock braking system and self parking system. Electronic controlled IC engines without starting motor and driverless car systems are under experiment with the evolution of modern mechatronics. Door window Lifting Mechanism http://auto.howstuffworks.com/power-window.htm In the door window lifting mechanism a small motor is attached to a worm gear and many other spur gears to create a large gear reduction, to reduce speed and to give enough torque to lift the door window. This mechanism consists of a long linkage arm attached to bottom of window. When the motor turns the gear, that engages the teeth of long linkage arm to move the window up or down depends on motor direction. Animation of window lifting mechanism at work, with inset of motor and gear reduction Ref [ ] Door Lock Door lock mechanism has to be very reliable because it is going to unlock the doors tens of thousands of times over the life of a car. http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/power-lock-intro.jpg In the power door lock system, the body controller decides to lock or unlock the door. The body controller is nothing but the computer in a car. It monitors for the correct code entered on the door mounted touch pad and unlocks the door. It also monitors the radio frequency signals, when it receives the correct digital code from the radio transmitter in the key fob, it provides power to the actuator that locks or unlocks the door. Door lock mechanism is quite simple. It consists of a small electric motor that serves as a gear reduction by turning a series of spur gears. The last gear drives a rack and pinion gear set that is connected to the actuator rod. The rotational motion of the motor is converted to linear motion by the rack which is needed to move the lock. achttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/power-lock-actuator2.jpgInside the power-door-lock actuator A centrifugal switch is connected to the gear and engaged by the motor. When the motor spins the gear, the clutch swings out and locks the small metal gear to the larger plastic gear, allowing the motor to drive the door latch. http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/power-lock-gears.jpg Centrifugal clutch on the drive gear The body controller also monitors a lot of little things like, it ensures the interior lights stay on until the car is started, it beeps out if the headlights are left on and also when the keys are left in the ignition condition. In advanced mechatronics, the switches are connected to one of the many electronic modules in the car. Some cars have one in the drivers door electronic module, as well as in the body controller. If the driver presses his window switch, the door module closes a relay that provides power to the window motor. If the driver presses the switch to adjust the passenger-side window, the drivers door module sends a packet of data onto the communication bus of the car. This packet tells the body controller to energize one of the passenger-side window motor. Wind shield wipers In windshield wiper mechanism a worm gear is used on the output of a small electric motor since a lot of force is required to accelerate the wiper blades back and forth quickly. An electronic circuit inside the motor/gear assembly senses when the wipers are in their down position. The circuit maintains power to the wipers until they are parked at the bottom of the windshield. The new type of wiper system introduced to control the wipes automatically called the Rain sensor system. This system uses the optical sensors to detect the moisture. The sensor projects infrared light into the windshield at a 45-degree angle. If the glass is dry, most of this light is reflected back into the sensor by the front of the windshield. If the glass is wet, the less light makes it back into the sensor. The electronics and software in the sensor turn on the wipers when the amount of light reflected onto the sensor decreases to a preset level. The system adjusts the speed as often as necessary to match with the rate of moisture accumulation. Anti-Lock Brakes System http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/anti-lock-brake1.jpg Anti lock braking system are used to keep the wheels from skidding while slow down and it benefits in two ways: able to stop faster and also able to steer while it stops. The controller monitors the speed sensors and looking for decelerations in the wheel that are out of the ordinary. It will experience a rapid deceleration right before wheel locks up. The ABS controller knows such a rapid decelerations is not possible so it reduces the pressure to that brake until it sees an acceleration, then it increases the pressure until it sees the deceleration again. This process is done very fast before the tyre can actually change speed. The result is that the tire slows down at the same rate as the car giving the system maximum braking power. Engine Control Unit computer from a ford ranger The engine control unit (ECU) is the most powerful computer on most cars. The ECU uses closed-loop control, a control scheme that monitors all the outputs of a system and it controls the inputs to a system, to reduce the emissions and increases the fuel economy of the engine. Fig Elements of Engine control Unit ECU gathering the data from sevarl different sensors like speed, temperature, crank shaft position and oxygen in exhaust etc. With this data, it performs millions of calculations in each second, including looking up values in tables, calculating the results of long equations to decide on the best spark timing and determining how long the fuel injection is open. The ECU does all of this to ensure the lowest emissions and best mileage. A modern ECU might contain a 32-bit, 40-MHz processor, 16 (MB) of memory in an ECU. Controlling the Cruise Control System The cruise control system controls the speed by adjusting the throttle position an electronic actuator. The throttle valve controls the power and speed of the engine by limiting air/fuel to the engine. The brain of a cruise control system is a small computer. It connects to the throttle control, as well as several sensors. http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/cruise-control-diagram.gif A cruise control system accelerates the very fast to the desired speed without overshooting, and then maintains that speed with little deviation at independent of car weight, or how steep the hill you drive up. Controlling the speed of a car is a classic application of control system theory. The cruise control system controls the speed of the car by adjusting the throttle position, by feedback signal from speed and throttle position sensor. Also it needs to monitor the controls so it can tell what the desired speed is and when to disengage. Adaptive Cruise Control Adaptive cruise control can automatically control the car speed to maintain a safe following distance. This technique uses forward-looking radar, installed behind the grill of a vehicle, to detect the speed and distance of the vehicle ahead of it. Adaptive cruise control is same as to conventional cruise control in that it maintains the vehicles pre-set speed, but also it need adjust speed in order to maintain a proper distance between vehicles in the same lane. This is achieved through a radar headway sensor, digital signal processor and longitudinal controller. If the lead vehicle slows down, or if another object is detected, the system sends a signal to the engine or braking system to decelerate. Then, when the road is clear, the system will re-accelerate the vehicle back to the set speed. Self-parking Cars Some cars have put in rear view cameras, sensors and even computer generated 360-degree views of the car, people still manage to scrape, ding and dent their way into parking spaces. Self-parking car The system uses sensors all around the car to guide it into a parallel parking space. The driver has to find a parking space, position the car next to it, and use the in-cabin navigation screen to tell the car where it should go. Automated Guided Vehicle Systems FROG ( Free Ranging On Grid) technology is used in Automated Guided Vehicle Systems, which are driverless cars. FROG FROG vehicles are equipped with a computer that contains a map of the area in which the vehicle operates. The vehicle starts from a known location and uses the map to determine the route to its destination. It counts wheel revolutions to figure out how far it has travelled (sort of how you might count steps to figure out how far youve walked). To check itself, the vehicle also uses various calibration points (electronic landmarks for the vehicle) in the area it works. Throttle Position Sensor Throttle Valve Vacuum Actuator Cruise Control Computer Vehicle Speed signal Brake Pedal Switch Steering Wheel Controls Clutch Pedal Switchhttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/cruise-control-diagram.gif

Life & experienced

My life has experienced its fair share if twists and turns. If there is one thing that I have learnt from life, it is preparing to expect the unexpected. I always try to keep an open mind towards situations and it helps me to stay unruffled during adversity.I maintain a positive outlook towards life even during hardships, which helps me focus on things that need to be done in the present rather than worrying about the past. It has also helped face failure with optimism and given me confidence that anything is possible if adequate time and effort are put in.I enjoy reading books and feel that it is extremely enlightening and entertaining at the same time. I feel that good books can talk to people and change lives. I have read quite a few good books that have greatly influenced me and made who I am today.I enjoy playing outdoor sports and feel that it a great way to exert pent-up energy and refresh the mind. A good game has the power to take the mind off negative thoughts. I believe it helps to lead a healthy lifestyle since it acts as adequate exercise to the body and soul. It is also an excellent way to learn sportsmanship and make new friends.I feel college education is absolutely essential to gather knowledge, which would otherwise take years of experience. However, I do understand there is no substitute for real world experience. But, I just feel that a college degree would give a head start towards launching a successful career.I also hope that college life would expose me a world of new possibilities and people that would made life more interesting. I have been quite a disciplined and dedicated student in school, which is reflected by grades and clean record. I also stick to strong moral values, as a result of my healthy upbringing and good friends.I am looking forward to learning new things from professors and academic experts, enabling me to be a more enlightened person. I like making new friends by mingling with my fellow students and getting to know th eir experiences and thoughts on life.I feel that college is the best place to make human connections that last for a lifetime, since we reach a mature state of mind and are also free from the greed that haunts the professional world. I am good in coordinating charity events and can help out in organizing any event. I am very open to learning and quite good in grasping things quickly. I believe that I can I contribute to your student community in more ways than one by being an honest, unbiased, helpful person.I seek joy by helping other people, especially the ones that desperately need help. It makes my heart ache to see people in our very own country suffer without food and a proper place to stay. I am willing to do whatever it takes to revive this situation.However, I feel that I have to first empower myself with the necessary tools to accomplish this noble cause. I believe that I have to start with higher education which is the one of the key steps. Dedication and persistence in h ealthy doses measure are also equally important to reach this goal.I am very patient person and would like help out elderly people are abandoned by their kids. I feel that everyone deserves someone to care for them and listen to them. I wish to visit elderly rest homes and interact with senior citizens. I wish get their perspective on current affairs and help them in little ways that matter.I wish to spend time with time with them on a regular basis and offer such elderly homes my free services. If I could help out a few elderly people, it would make me feel extremely proud and contented.I gone through many trails and tribulations in my life so far and all of them have only made me a stronger person. Even when I failed in my tests, I never gave up hope and have always been ready to face tough situations. I feel this quality of mine helps me to keep moving forward in life. I would have to mention my math teacher who helped me a lot to come out of failure and taste success.I will alwa ys be grateful to her and I made decision to be helpful to other people. I have also helped a lot of my friends during personal crisis and family emergencies. I try not pass judgments and am very open-minded.This has helped me gain the trust of my friends and prompted them to share their personal problems with me. It has also made me gain insight into human pain and uncover ways to deal with it. This has helped to understand that that every wound will heal with time.I see myself as a very active and sociable person. I have a penchant for doing social work and fighting for good causes. I would like to participate in events that deal with cleansing the environment and taking a new fresh look at humanitarian issues.I believe it is my duty as a human being to exhibit empathy and devote time to improve the world that I live. Nothing in the world would be give me more pride and joy than knowing that I have made a difference in another person’s life.

The Rise of the Nation State - 1804 Words

1. ‘The growth of the nation-state, first in Western Europe and then elsewhere, has long been viewed as the key political development of this era [i.e. the sixteenth century].’ (Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks) Discuss with reference to at least two of the following: England, France, Spain. This essay examines how the growth of the nation-state was a key political development during this period. It was a hugely important process and a stepping stone towards the systems we have in place today. Although many of the aspects of state-building which will be addressed in this essay were already taking place before the sixteenth century, it is during this era that they truly develop and nation-states become extremely important in the political world†¦show more content†¦As a result, Henry VIII broke away from the church in Rome and by 1533; Archbishop of Canterbury had power to annul marriage. This was followed by the Act of Supremacy (1934) which made Henry, Supreme Head of the Church of England. This is another example of the growth in power of the state as Henry transferred power from Rome to his own state. This example in England shows just how key a development the growth of the state was. Further evidence of state-building and its importance during this era was also visible in Spain. It was united as a nation during this period using methods of state-building like those in England. Firstly, it was unified through marriage. Isabella, the heiress of Castile, married Prince Ferdinand of Aragon, thus uniting two of the main parts of Spain. This growth was further enhanced when Ferdinand and Isabella then invaded Granada in the South, enhancing their own state. This, along with the marriage of their children to various nobles across Europe, meant that Spain had grown into a major power with influence all over Europe. This shows just how key the development of the nation-state was. The monarchs continued to strengthen their power by undermining the power of the upper nobles. â€Å"They reorganized the main royal council, making it larger, stronger, and more professional, and filling it with lower-level nobility and educated non-nobles...members and officials appointed by the monarch, not inherited by virtue of a nobleShow MoreRelated The Rise Of A Nation: United States Becomes The Number One Super Power1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States experienced many different world events that helped propel it to becoming the world’s super power. From the Monroe Doctrine which would help the United States isolate itself from the Colonialism of the European nations and set itself as the super power of the America’s, to the Spanish American War which ended Spanish rule in the America’s as well as helped the United States acquire its own territories, to the first and second World Wars which ultimately bankrupted all of EuropeRead MoreThe United States : A Continuous Super Power877 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States is one of the strongest standing superpowers that have existed in the past few decades. Many people believe that the United States is declining from being a continuous super power; however according to Zakaria the Uni ted States is not declining. This is because they remain to have one of the strongest standing army, they have risen culturally, and economically the United States has been emerging enormously. 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There has recently been a lot of talk in the Internal Relations community about the steep rise that the BRICS nations are making in terms of economic might and overall global importance. China and India are among the countries that have made the most improvement. The other pertinent question that has beenRead MoreThe Nazi Regime959 Words   |  4 PagesThe rise of the Nazi regime in Germany in the early part of the 20th century was an impressive, and nearly unforeseen incident that had long-lasting implications on the rest of the Western world. While the Nazi party was extreme in their ideologies, the circumstances in which they came to power were dire; Germany had been crippled by a massive depression and was being forced to pay reparations through the â€Å"Young Plan† which required Germany to pay the Allied forces â€Å"a series of annual payments extendingRead MoreClimate Change Is The Effect Of Global Warming936 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as the United States. An in crease in CO2 emissions is the leading cause of global warming. CO2 is one of the gases that is trapping the heat in the atmosphere and an increase can be due to deforestation, burning fossil fuels, production of electricity, and many more. Global warming causes the temperatures to rise which can cause an increase in the amount of glacial ice to melt and can ultimately cause the sea level to rise from excess water. Since the sea level would rise this means that land

Dualism By Rene Descartes - 1205 Words

Reyson Kamakana Ching 10-15-17 Phy 263 3:00pm Dualism Renà © Descartes. Who is he? The man, the myth, the legend, the one and only. The man behind dualism that got everything rolling. He was born March 31, 1596, Indre-et-Loire, France and died February 11, 1650, Stockholm, Sweden. Though his time of life he was famous and we’ll know for being a great mathematician, scientist and the father of modern western philosophy. So what really is dualism? Dualism is the belief that there are two kinds of reality. One which is material, meanig physical and immaterial, meaning spiritual. What this means, is that the spirit in you does not die when your physical body does. It goes†¦show more content†¦What this is trying to say is that the mind really is just your brain. And your brain is taking in information and outputting them and this is basically called a function. Another example is if something is giving off or making someone feel a certain way then that thing is that feeling or emotion. If the function for something is to act happy then it is happy. Another one is behaviorism. Behaviorism is when you study behaviors and that they are reflexes that are produced by a response to certain stimuli in the environment. What this means, is that the brain is reacting to something going on in the environment which could be smell, hearing, touch and also past experiences. After taking all this in, the brain reacts to it in ways like thoughts, mental states and physical properties. How this could hurt Descartes method of dualism is that this more people can understand it and it makes more sense. For physicalism, physicalism is that everything is physical. What this means is that when you think of something or have mental states. The chemicals in your brain that trigger everything from emotions to movement of the body, is a physical thing thats going on. Therefor the world and everything runs off of Physics coming from a Physicalist. How dualism is still in the run for answering the question is the mind and the brain different or the same. Is because no one understands or really knows what the mind is.Show MoreRelatedRene Descartes: Cartesian Dualism Essay example1625 Words   |  7 PagesDescartian dualism is one of the most long lasting legacies of Rene Descartes’ philosophy. He argues that the mind and body operate as separate entities able to exist without one another. That is, the mind is a thinking, non-extended entity and the body is non-thinking and extended. His belief elicited a debate over the nature of the mind and body that has spanned centuries, a debate that is still vociferously argued today. In this essay, I will try and tackle Descartes claim and come to some conclusionRead MoreRene Descartes Concept Of Dualism And Then Defend My Preferred Alternative Among The Options Paul M. Churchland1513 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, I will examine the principal merits and challenges of Renà © Descartes’ concept of dualism and then defend my preferred alternative among the options Paul M. Churchland discusses. After briefly defining Cartesian Dualism, I will show that its principal merits are that it is consistent with common sense and that it is able to explain phenomena that appear mental in nature. Next, I will show that its principal challenges are its failure to adequately explain how the mind and the body canRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind Body Dualism1232 Words   |  5 PagesRenà © Descartes was a French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher of the 16th Century, who, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"was one of the first to abandon scholastic Aristotelianism and created the first version of the modern mind-body dualism or emotion† (Encyclopedia Britannica). Born on March 31, 1596, he was dubbed as the Father of Modern Philosophy. 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Therefore, Descartes sought to divide the mind from the material body asRead MoreRealism : Reality And Dualism1340 Words   |  6 PagesTeena Lin PHI 1500 Fall 2017 Final Paper Reality is Dualism There are currently four major theories about the nature of reality and substance— materialism/physicalism, idealism, transcendental idealism, and dualism. Materialism is the theory that there is only the physical and material world. Idealism takes the position that reality is made up of ideas and immaterial. Transcendental idealism holds the idea that our experience of things are shaped by how they appear to us and not by what they areRead MorePhilosophy Of Rene Descartes860 Words   |  4 PagesRene Descartes is an extremely influential philosopher from the 17th century and is widely considered the father of modern philosophy. One of Descartes’s most famous philosophies is his cogito ergo sum statement: I think, therefore, I am (Descartes, 2008). He believed that because he is a thing that thinks, then he must have some kind of consciousness or awareness of the world. Because he has consciousness, he reasons that he must exist, especially since he is aware that he i s a thing that thinksRead MoreThe Problem Of Separation And Dualism1399 Words   |  6 Pagessuggests a problem of separation and dualism. Dualism shall be claimed, it is an intuitive position; it offers an explanation of the mind and body in terms of substances (Descartes, 1641) or properties (Strawson, 1959), in which the mind is somehow considered as a non-physical thing, thus separated from the physical world. In contrast, a rival view is that there are only physical things, hence there is no separation between mind and body as suggested by dualism, and that the mind is most accuratelyRead MoreThe Problem Of Separation And Dualism1399 Words   |  6 Pagessuggests a problem of separation and dualism. Dualism shall be claimed, it is an intuitive position; it offers an explanation of the mind and body in terms of substances (Descartes, 1641) or properties (Strawson, 1959), in which the mind is somehow considered as a non-physical thing, thus separated from the physical world. In contrast, a rival view is that there are only physical things, hence there is no separation between mind and body as suggested by dualism, and that the mind is most accurately